Studies show that capillary pores start to connect with each other when w/c is higher than 0.40. When w/c is higher than 0.70 all capillary pores are connected. Based on this, standards tend to establish 0.70 as the maximum value for w/c ratio. Higher is the aggressiveness of the environment lower should be the w/c ratio. For concrete exposed to a very aggressive environment the w/c should be lower than 0.40.
Relationship Between Water-Cement Ratio and Permeability
Water Cement Ratio is selected based on durability consideration of the structure.
Choose water-cement ratio against max w/c.ratio for the requirement of durability. (Table 5, IS:456-2000). Make a more precise estimate of the preliminary w/c ratio corresponding to the target average strength.
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